Temitayo Olumofe
Nigeria’s Minister of Defence, Muhammad Badaru Abubakar, underlined the government’s all-encompassing efforts to fight terrorism under President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration on November 20, 2023, at a book launch in Abuja. To address the underlying causes of terrorism, the book Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in North East Nigeria highlights a multifaceted strategy that combines military operations with socioeconomic measures.
Progress in Counter-Terrorism Strategies
Since taking office, Tinubu has prioritised improving Nigeria’s anti-terrorism framework. The government passed the Terrorism (Prevention and Prohibition) Act, which established the National Counter-Terrorism Centre to ensure that policies are well-coordinated. This legal framework aims to enhance Nigeria’s capacity to respond to terrorist threats and improve perpetrator accountability.
The UN Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT) has named Nigeria as a key partner in the fight against terrorism globally. Under-Secretary-General Vladimir Voronkov praised Nigeria’s commitment to multilateral cooperation and its proactive stance in addressing the underlying causes of terrorism, such as poverty and lack of education.
Tinubu’s government has also increased funds for military operations against terrorist groups in addition to passing new laws. The Nigerian Armed Forces have reportedly carried out several actions that killed key Boko Haram leaders and freed hostages.
These military victories have increased public trust in the government’s capability to restore security in the affected areas.
Community Engagement and Rehabilitation Programs
Recognising that military action alone is insufficient to eradicate terrorism, the Tinubu administration has prioritised rehabilitation programs and community engagement. To foster cooperation and re-establish trust between citizens and security forces, the government has commenced dialogues with local communities impacted by terrorism.
The National Social Investment Programme is a noteworthy initiative aimed at offering economic opportunities to vulnerable populations. These programs endeavour to establish an environment less conducive to terrorism by confronting poverty and unemployment, two significant drivers of radicalisation.
The government has partnered with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to offer education and vocational training for former militants who have surrendered. This approach helps reintegrate these individuals into society and decreases the chances of them returning to extremist activities.
Challenges Ahead
Despite tremendous advancements, difficulties still exist. In northern Nigeria, Boko Haram has caused a great deal of suffering and remains a significant menace. Although Nigeria’s position on the Global Terrorism Index has improved, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) stated that much more needs to be done to deliver justice to victims and hold terrorists accountable. The Nigerian government’s continued cooperation with its foreign allies is essential to maintaining the fight against terrorism. President Tinubu has emphasised that long-term success in this battle depends on tackling the socio-economic issues that encourage extremism.
International Cooperation
The Tinubu administration has actively sought international assistance in its counter-terrorism efforts. In recent months, Nigeria has engaged with various countries and international organisations to enhance intelligence sharing and operational coordination. Partnerships with countries like the United States and France have led to joint military exercises aimed at improving tactical responses to terrorist threats.
Nigeria has also taken part in regional projects like the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which consists of troops from neighbouring nations like Cameroon, Niger, and Chad. Since terrorism transcends national borders, this cooperative endeavour seeks to fight Boko Haram internationally.
Humanitarian Efforts
Alongside military strategies, humanitarian efforts are crucial in addressing the aftermath of terrorism. The Nigerian government, supported by international agencies like UNICEF and the World Food Programme (WFP), has launched initiatives aimed at providing aid to internally displaced persons (IDPs) affected by Boko Haram violence. These efforts include food distribution, healthcare services, and shelter provisions.
Minister Abubakar emphasised that “the fight against terrorism is not just about military might; it’s also about restoring hope and dignity to those who have suffered.” This holistic approach underscores the need for a comprehensive response beyond immediate security concerns.
Public Perception and Media Role
Public perception plays a vital role in shaping the effectiveness of counter-terrorism strategies. The Nigerian media is responsible for reporting on terrorism-related issues sensitively and accurately. Misinformation can exacerbate community fear and mistrust, making it harder for security forces to operate effectively.
The government encourages responsible journalism that highlights the challenges and success stories from various regions where peace is being restored. By showcasing resilience in affected communities and promoting narratives of recovery, media outlets can contribute positively to national morale.
Future Direction
As we look to the future, President Tinubu’s administration must continue to apply military pressure on terrorist organisations while also investing in long-term fixes that address the underlying issues. As new dangers appear, it will be crucial to examine strategies continuously.
The government’s dedication to openness will also be essential in fostering public trust. Citizens who receive regular updates on the progress made against terrorism will be reassured that their safety is still a top concern.
Success Stories
In recent months, a number of areas previously afflicted by violence have started to show indications of improvement. In one case, displaced farmers returned home, and agricultural activity resumed in Borno State, long thought to be a Boko Haram stronghold. According to local authorities, community-led efforts are promoting reconciliation among residents who were previously split by conflict.
One such project is the Peacebuilding Program, which unites community members and former militants for discourse sessions aimed at mending the wounds left by violence. Participants collaborate on projects such as rebuilding schools and health clinics while sharing their experiences.
While promoting national stability, these grassroots initiatives demonstrate how local communities are taking control of their recovery. They are potent reminders that establishing enduring peace requires local involvement and government effort.
The use of technology is becoming increasingly significant in Nigeria’s counter-terrorism plans. Drones used for surveillance have greatly improved intelligence-gathering capacities. Thanks to the real-time data on terrorist movements provided by these crewless aerial aircraft, security personnel can react more skilfully.
Social media platforms are also being used for counter-narrative campaigns that try to discourage young people from joining extremist organisations. These campaigns seek to change attitudes by showcasing promising tales of community resilience and emphasising career and educational prospects.
Addressing underlying issues like poverty, illiteracy, and social inequality is crucial for the Tinubu administration to develop a long-term counter-terrorism strategy. Education investments can help young people avoid radical beliefs by equipping them with knowledge and skills. Vocational training programs can also provide individuals at risk of recruitment by terrorist groups with alternate sources of income.
It’s also essential to work with local leaders, who can do a lot to promote peace in their communities by speaking out against violence and facilitating dialogue between diverse groups. By working on community development projects like building infrastructure or improving access to healthcare, the government can foster inclusivity and stability.
These programs, along with the military’s fight against terrorist groups like Boko Haram, form part of a larger plan to build long-term peace across Nigeria’s diverse regions.
